Just one:
5059 (49¢) Sarah Vaughan
Author Archives: VSC
The Stamp Collecting Guessing Games
by Lloyd A. de Vries
Both the U.S. and Canada have been teasing with the subjects and designs for two multi-stamp issues coming out this year: The U.S. for its National Park Service Centennial set and Canada Post for “Star Trek.”
Each country is handling this differently: The USPS told us in advance there would be 16 stamps, and one would be “unveiled” each weekday starting April 4th. Canada Post has not told us how many “Star Trek” stamps there will be, and the “unveilings” are at no set interval. The USPS Parks are announced in a press release; Canada Post seems to be creating “photo ops” for each announcement.
My first reaction (kept mostly to myself) was, “Aw, c’mon, just give us the *(&^@! information.” But as we’ve gone along with the announcements, and posted them one-by-one on The Virtual Stamp Club website, I’ve found myself enjoying it, particularly trying to guess what subjects are next.
The U.S. Parks were announced in alphabetical order. I was hoping for Great Falls in Paterson, NJ, one of the newest National Parks, and I was sure the Statue of Liberty would be included — after all, Lady Liberty is the symbol of World Stamp 
Show-New York 2016, at which the stamps are being issued. I was wrong on both, although I was fairly sure Yellowstone would be the 16th subject announced, and it was.
When I saw that one of the Canadian stamps would show “Star Trek” star William Shatner, a Canadian, I was also fairly sure another Canadian in the cast, James “Scotty” Doohan would be honored, and I was right. The Spock (Leonard Nimoy) stamp made me suspect a DeForrest Kelley stamp was coming; it is.
Kelley was born in Atlanta, Nimoy in Boston, so the hangar deck doors have been opened to other non-Canadians. If a supporting character like Scotty is included, can Sulu, Uhura and maybe Chekov be excluded? How about Majel Barrett, who was associated with “Star Trek” longer than any other actor. She appeared in all five of the TV series (including the pilot, which was nixed by NBC), was married to creator Gene Roddenberry, and supplied the computer voice.
Oops, there I go again, speculating on who will be in the set.
I’m having fun! And isn’t that a good part of what stamp collecting is about?
Penner Confirmed as U.S. Stamps Chief
One year to the day after she was appointing Acting Director of Stamp Services for the U.S. Postal Service, Mary-Anne Penner has been promoted to Director, Stamp Services.
The appointment was made by Chief Marketing and Sales Officer and Exec. Vice President Jim Cochrane on Friday, April 22, 2016.
As you will read in the VSC post from one year ago, Penner has had a variety of management positions within the USPS. Since her appointment as Acting Director, she has been very visible at stamp shows and very accessible to collectors.
Queen’s 90th Birthday (UK 2016)
[press release; newest material at the end]
Royal Mail Marks The 90th Birthday Of Hm The Queen With Specially Commissioned Family Portrait 
- Royal Mail celebrates the 90th birthday of HM The Queen with ten Special Stamps
- A Stamp Sheet features four generations of the House of Windsor, photographed for Royal Mail by Ranald Mackechnie
- The specially commissioned family portrait was taken in the summer of 2015 in the White Drawing Room at Buckingham Palace. It features HM The Queen, HRH The Prince of Wales, HRH The Duke of Cambridge and HRH Prince George of Cambridge. This is the first time Prince George has appeared on a Royal Mail stamp
- A further six Special Stamps are issued: three stamps focus on Her Majesty’s family life, and three honour The Queen’s official work for the country
- The set includes images of The Queen: with her father; attending the State Opening of Parliament in 2012; with Princess Anne and Prince Charles in 1952; visiting New Zealand in 1977; with The Duke of Edinburgh in 1957; and with Nelson Mandela in 1996
- Today, The Queen, accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh, will visit the Royal Mail Windsor delivery office on William St, Windsor. This visit will mark the 500th Anniversary of the Postal Service
- Her Majesty will be presented with the first in a limited numbered edition of 90 framed sets that bring together stamps issued to mark significant achievements of HM The Queen over the years
- The Queen is the longest reigning UK monarch and also the oldest reigning monarch in the world
- The stamps are available to pre-order from today at www.royalmail.com/hmq90 and available to purchase from 8,000 Post Offices from 21 April
Royal Mail today celebrates the 90th birthday of HM The Queen with ten new stamps.
Photographed by Ranald Mackechnie in the summer of 2015 for Royal Mail, the specially commissioned Stamp Sheet features a family portrait of four generations of the House of Windsor: HM The Queen, HRH The Prince of Wales, HRH The Duke of Cambridge and for the first time on a Royal Mail stamp, HRH Prince George of Cambridge. The photograph was taken in the White Drawing Room at Buckingham Palace.
The perforations in the Stamp Sheet are positioned to create a postage stamp for each member of the Family.
The six Special Stamps celebrate HRH The Queen’s birthday with three stamps focusing on Her Majesty’s family life, and three honouring The Queen’s official role.
The family stamps include an image of The Queen with her children, the young Prince Charles and Princess Anne. A stamp with the Duke of Edinburgh marks their long partnership. This is also the first time Royal Mail has issued a stamp featuring The Queen with her father.
The three remaining stamps mark The Queen’s official duties: as Head of State for the opening of Parliament; as Head of the Commonwealth where she is depicted with Nelson Mandela; and on a state visit to New Zealand. The images represent more than 100 state visits made worldwide by Her Majesty since her accession.
Today, The Queen, accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh, will visit the Royal Mail Windsor delivery office on William St, Windsor. This visit will mark the 500th Anniversary of the Postal Service.
Her Majesty will be presented with the first in a limited numbered edition of 90 framed sets that bring together stamps issued to mark significant achievements of HM The Queen over the years.
About the photograph:
Royal Mail had to consider a number of factors in the planning of the photoshoot.
Photographer Ranald Mackechnie, was chosen due to his excellent use of light in his work and specialist portrait skills. Ranald had worked with the Royal Mail design team many times; however, this was the first time his work would feature on a stamp.
The team looked at a range of rooms within the Palace and originally selected the Yellow Drawing Room as it was the preferred choice of the photographer. However, after reviewing the initial test shots, the team felt that the White Drawing Room would best capture the sense of this special portrait, without overpowering the actual photograph.
Another challenge was the height difference within the group.8,000 Post Offices from 21 April
For both aesthetic and technical reasons Prince George couldn’t be positioned much lower within the photograph. The position of each portrait within the miniature sheet was critical due to tight technical constraints.
The team undertook an initial recce of locations within the Palace and then conducted two half-day test shoots using the high density foam blocks that Ranald has as part of his kit. This ensured the shot could be composed as much as possible prior to the final shoot, which took about 25 minutes.
Using the blocks enabled the Prince to be lifted into the frame so it was a more intimate grouping.
More from Royal Mail:
Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York was born into a world where memories of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, were still fondly held, at a time when the First World War remained painfully fresh in people’s minds.
Little more than 25 years later, the Princess would become Queen. In time, she would see it all for herself, as no other monarch has visited more countries or met more of her subjects than Queen Elizabeth II. As the longest-reigning sovereign in British history marks her 90th birthday, the Kingdom that she represents is very different from the one she inherited in 1952. But whatever the changes or upheavals, there has always been one constant at the heart of national life – The Queen herself.
Most British people did not imagine that the newborn daughter of The Duke and Duchess of York would, one day, be their Queen. Born on 21 April 1926, Princess Elizabeth was joined by a sister, Princess Margaret Rose, in August 1930. The girls enjoyed a happy childhood, alternating between London, Windsor, Sandringham and Balmoral – much as Her Majesty does today. Their lives, though, would be transformed by the abdication crisis of 1936, and the subsequent coronation of King George VI. The pressures on them were soon compounded by the Second World War, during which the whole family would become a symbol of national fortitude. Come the hard-won victory, the strain of office had taken a heavy toll on George VI.
Princess Elizabeth’s marriage to Philip Mountbatten in November 1947 was a welcome cause for national celebration, as was the arrival of a son and heir, Prince Charles, a year later. But the young couple were soon required to assume more and more of The King’s duties. In February 1952, his early death handed the crown to a 25-year-old mother-of-two. Royal duties would inevitably place great demands on the young Queen but there was always time for family life, especially after the birth of two more children.
Little more than 13 years after the birth of her youngest child, Prince Edward, The Queen would become a grandmother in her Silver Jubilee year, following the birth of Princess Anne’s son, Peter Phillips. Today, The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh are proud great-grandparents five times over.
Queen of the UK and 15 Commonwealth nations, Her Majesty is the epitome of duty and regal authority in public, while in private she is seldom happier than when surrounded by her family, preferably in the countryside.
Like her favoured surroundings, her interests and passions have changed little over the years. The monarch who loves blending in with the crowd at the Royal Windsor Horse Show every spring is as enthusiastic as the young Princess who won her first competition at the same event as a teenager. The eagle-eyed racegoer scanning the field at Ascot or Epsom is as well informed as the expert breeder who was Britain’s leading racehorse owner in 1954.
From childhood to the present day, dogs have also been an ever-present feature of The Queen’s life. Welsh corgis are a particular favourite, as well as a corgi-dachshund cross known as a ‘dorgi’. Less well known, perhaps, is her skill at working the gundogs that she breeds at Sandringham, some of which have gone on to be champions. Her love of animals is also reflected in her taste in art, for as well as being custodian of the treasures in the Royal Collection, The Queen is an enthusiastic collector of paintings of birds.
When it comes to holidays, Her Majesty is seldom happier than when in the Scottish Highlands. Since childhood, she has spent part of the summer at Balmoral, but it is much more than a place for relaxation. With a Scottish mother and being twice descended from Robert the Bruce himself, Her Majesty feels as much at home here as anywhere else on Earth.
Wherever she is in the world, The Queen is always on duty. Her Majesty never stops being the Head of State, Fount of Justice, Defender of the Faith, Head of the Armed Forces, Head of the Commonwealth, Head of Nation and much else. As she herself acknowledged in a speech broadcast to the Commonwealth on the day she turned 21: “My whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service”. These words concluded an historic speech which, at the time, was said to have reduced former Prime Minister Winston Churchill to tears.
To this day, the words are still widely quoted – for they remain as true on the occasion of The Queen’s 90th birthday as they were on her 21st. Indeed, Poet Laureate Carol Ann Duffy included them in ‘The Crown’, a poem specially commissioned for the service at Westminster Abbey on 4 June 2013 to mark the 60th anniversary of The Queen’s Coronation.
Philatelic Foundation Honors Peter McCann
[press release]
PF to Award Neinken Medal to Dr. Peter McCann
On Saturday night, May 28, the opening weekend of NY2016, The Philatelic Foundation will award its Neinken Medal to Dr. Peter McCann for meritorious service to philately. The award will be made at a joint dinner reception with The Collectors Club which will present its Lichtenstein Award to Dr. Cheryl Ganz.
Dr. McCann is known as an ambassador to the philatelic community through his tireless commitment to advance the interests of organized philately. It is fitting that he was selected as Jury President for NY2016. He is a nationally accredited chief judge with the American Philatelic Society (APS) having judged over 150 exhibitions since 1986. In addition to NY2016, he has served as a judge in numerous international exhibitions. He was the APS delegate to the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie from 1997 to 2005, and is currently completing his final term as a Board Member of the F.I.P., a position he has held since 2004. As a collector, he has won national grand awards with three different exhibits from his British Caribbean collections.
In addition to his work as a judge and exhibitor, Dr. McCann has held numerous positions within the APS, including the positions of Vice President and ultimately, President for two terms until 2003 after which he continued to serve on its board. He also served as the Co-Chairman of the Council of Philatelists of the Smithsonian’s National Postal Museum. He is currently a Trustee of The Philatelic Foundation.
Over the years, Dr. McCann has been recognized by a number of organizations for his service to philately. These include being named a Fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London and the Royal Philatelic Society of Canada, the APS Luff Award, the AAPE Bernard Hennig Award for Excellence in Philatelic Judging, and a recipient of The Collectors Club’s Lichtenstein Award. In 2007 he signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists, the penultimate honor in world philately.
Philatelic Foundation Certifies Recovered Jenny Invert
[press release]
The Philatelic Foundation Authenticates Stolen Jenny Invert Stamp
[Click here for the story about the recovery of the stamp.]
(New York, NY) On Monday, April 4, 2016, a representative of Spink USA, a leading rare stamp auctioneer, brought a Jenny Invert to The Philatelic Foundation’s New York offices for authentication on behalf of a potential consignor. The PF is widely regarded in the hobby of stamp collecting for its expertise in authenticating this iconic United States airmail rarity. Over the last 70 years, the PF has issued Certificates of Authenticity for 84 of the 100 stamps from the original error sheet of the “upside down airplane stamp,” including all six of the existing blocks of four.
The PF’s staff immediately began the expertization process led by Executi
ve Director Larry Lyons and Curator Lewis Kaufman (shown at right). Matched against the PF’s detailed records, photos and electronic scans of the Jenny Inverts, the evidence quickly pointed to the possibility that the stamp was one of the two missing from a famous block of four Jenny Inverts. The block, which was previously owned by Ethel McCoy, was stolen from its exhibition frame in 1955 during an American Philatelic Society convention in Norfolk, Virginia.
The PF staff determined the stamp to be position 76 from the error sheet of 100. (The actual stamp is shown above, photo courtesy the PF.) At some time following the block’s theft, it was broken into four singles, and then altered in an attempt to disguise identification as stamps from the stolen block. Upon close examination, position 76 was found to have been reperforated at its left side to remove traces of a vertical red guide line that had originally appeared on the tips of its perforations. The American Philatelic Society and law enforcement were immediately notified of the identification of this long-lost Jenny Invert.
Shakespeare (UK 2016)
Shakespeare
Issue Date: Tuesday, 5th April 2016 
Products:
10 x First Class Stamps £6.40- First Day Cover £8.16
- First Day Envelope 30p
- Stamp Souvenir £8.16
- Presentation Pack £6.90
- Set of 10 Stamp Cards £4.50
- Brilliant Uncirculated Coin Cover £28.00
Reason and Inspiration
2016 sees the 400th anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare, the most published author and most performed dramatist of all time as well as a global icon of UK culture. To commemorate this milestone, Royal Mail is issuing a set of ten Special First Class stamps on 5th April 2016, paying tribute to the genius of Shakespeare through his 
immortal words and poetry. Having previously issued stamps that depict performances of his plays, a painting of the bard himself and the world famous Globe Theatre, for this set Royal Mail has opted to focus on selected quotes from plays and sonnets that have made him so famous and ensured an enduring popularity.
Previously issued Royal Mail stamps on the theme of Shakespeare are listed below in chronological order:
1964: Shakespeare Tercentenary
1996: Globe Theatre (buildings)
2006: National Portrait Gallery (painting of Shakespeare)
2011: Royal Shakespeare Company (performances)
Stamps In Detail:
Price: £6.40
Code: AS1401
Technical details :
Number of stamps: Ten
Value of Stamps: First Class
Design: The Chase
Acknowledgements: Hamlet calligraphy by Peter Horridge
Stamp Format: Square
Two se-tenant strips of five
Stamp Size: 35mm x 35mm
Number per sheet: 25/50
Sheet size: 194mm x 367mm
Printer : International Security Printers
Print Process: Lithography
Perforations: 14.5 x 14.5
Phosphor: Bars as appropriate
Gum: PVA
Stolen Jenny Invert Recovered
One of the missing “McCoy” Jenny Inverts has been recovered, after it was consigned to an auction in New York City. (The stamp shown on the right is the recovered stamp. Photo courtesy the Philatelic Foundation.)
It was one of a block of four that had been stolen while on display at a 1955 stamp show, the American Philatelic Society convention in Norfolk, Va. Two other stamps from that block had already been recovered.
The stamp, Sc. 3A, belongs to the American Philatelic Research Library in Bellefonte, Pa., which is associated with the APS. One of just 100 stamps for this issue with an inverted center vignette, it is worth about $150,000.
The would-be consignor is in his 20s and lives in Britain. He said he inherited the collection from his grandfather and knew little about it.
There is more about the recovery of the stamp and its background on the websites of the APRL and the Spink auction house. The story was picked up by the Associated Press and there is also a story in the Christian Science Monitor.
Added April 20th: The stamp was certified as genuine, although reperforated, by the Philatelic Foundation. That story is here.
Star Trek’s 50th Anniversary (Canada 2016)
Scott Catalogue has assigned the following numbers to this issue:
2911a USS Enterprise (sheet)
2911b Klingon Battle Cruiser (sheet)
2912a Captain James T. Kirk (sheet)
2912b Klingon Commander Kor (sheet)
2912c Dr. Leonard “Bones” McCoy (sheet)
2912d Lt. Cmdr. Montgomery “Scott” Scott (sheet)
2912e Commander Spock (sheet)
2913 USS Enterprise (coil)
2914 Klingon Battle Cruiser (coil)
2915 USS Enterprise (booklet)
2916 Klingon Battle Cruiser (booklet)
2917 Captain James T. Kirk (booklet)
2918 Klingon Commander Kor (booklet)
2919 Dr. Leonard “Bones” McCoy (booklet)
2920 Lt. Cmdr. Montgomery “Scott” Scott (booklet)
2921 Commander Spock (booklet)
2922 Souvenir Sheet of two
From Canada Post:
Star Trek™ 50th anniversary collection ready to warp into the hands of fans and collectors
Stamp issue highlights Canadian contributions to classic sci-fi TV show
OTTAWA, CANADA, PLANET EARTH, Stardate May 5, 2016 /CNW/ – Stamp collectors and fans of Star Trek will long for a working transporter on May 5, 2016. That way they could beam themselves to the nearest post office and be among the first to take home their favourites from the multi-stamp and collectible issue that pays homage to the original television series.
Under license by CBS Consumer Products, the collections includes five stamps depicting cast members from Star Trek: The Original Series. The U.S.S. Enterprise and a Klingon D7-class battle cruiser blast their way onto the coil stamps, while two special-effect lenticular stamps allow for continuous reruns of classic scenes. Along with a prestige booklet, official first day covers, souvenir sheets, uncut press sheets, panes, and booklets, fans will discover a galaxy of memorabilia, including postcards and stamp dispensers.
Four limited-edition items add to the fleet of collectibles: a framed print signed by William Shatner, a framed stamp pane cancelled with a gold-ink postmark of the Enterprise’s trusty shuttlecraft, a lenticular enlargement, and a lenticular uncut press sheet which is a first for any postal administration.
Three of the five characters – Captain James T. Kirk, Montgomery “Scotty” Scott, and Klingon Commander Kor – were played by homegrown actors William Shatner, James Doohan and John Colicos, who hailed from Montréal, Vancouver and Toronto, respectively. Spock too, can claim a connection to Canada via Vulcan, Alberta, which shares its name with his home planet. Dr. Leonard “Bones” McCoy rounds out the issue.
About the stamps
The Star Trek stamps featuring five characters from Star Trek: The Original Series measure 45 mm x 30 mm and are available in a booklet of 10 Permanent™ domestic rate stamps. They are also available in mixed rates in a prestige booklet and a souvenir sheet of five stamps. Two additional Permanent™ domestic rate stamps featuring the U.S.S. Enterprise and the Klingon battle cruiser measure 24 mm x 20 mm and are available in a souvenir sheet of two stamps, a coil of 50 stamps, a prestige booklet, and strips of four and 10 stamps. The high-value ($5) lenticular stamps measure 46 mm x 34 mm and are available in a souvenir sheet of two stamps. The stamps were printed by Lowe-Martin and the lenticular by Outer Aspect based on designs by Kosta Tsetsekas of Signal Design Group. Official First Day Covers featuring the various stamps were cancelled in Montréal, Vancouver, Toronto, and Vulcan, Alta. To download images of the stamps or to purchase philatelic products, please visit canadapost.ca/shop.
Five picture postcards: 
Earlier updates:
The next unveiling will be held Friday night, April 8th, in Vulcan, Alberta, at 7:30 pm local (Mountain) time. [see below]
Canada Post spokesman Phil Legault said that the postal agency’s interest is, of course, on the Canadian aspects of the series: Captain James T. Kirk was played by William Shatner, a Montreal native, and picture in one of the stamps (shown on the right). Legault would “neither confirm nor deny” that another stamp might feature “Scotty,” the engineering chief who was played by Vancouver native James Doohan.
The stamps will be issue sometime this spring, but should be available for sale at World Stamp Expo-NY 2016; it does not appear they will be issued at the show.
•
“Canada Post had a special little surprise for star gazers tonight at the Vulcan Trek Station,” the postal agency’s Phil Legault tells The Virtual Stamp Club. “They were the first to publicly see the “Spock” stamp, the third to be released this week celebrating Star Trek’s 50th anniversary. The Mayor of Vulcan, Tom Grant, Town Councillors and members of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada were also on hand.” 
There will be more Star Trek stamps.
Updated April 18th: “There haven’t been any more “sightings” since Spock in Vulcan on April 8,” Legault told VSC. “Expect more in the coming weeks and the full series in May.”
Updated April 22nd: As expected, Canada Post is including the other Canadian actor featured in the Original Series: James “Scotty” Doohan. 
The stamp was “unveiled” by Chris Doohan, James’ son, in downtown Toronto: 
Updated April 26th: This morning, Canada Post was joined by The Canadian Medical Hall of Fame (CMHF) and Cloud DX, a leading competitor in the digital healthcare market (based in Kitchener), to unveil the Dr. “Bones” McCoy stamp in the 50th anniversary of Star Trek™ series. This took place at the CMHF location in London. (More after the illustration.) 
Canada Post is working on a special project to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Star Trek™ this year. The full line-up of stamps and collectibles will be available in early May, but a number of “stamp sightings” have already been seen across Canada in social media – check them out here www.CanadaPost.ca/StarTrek.
The presenters today included Jim Phillips, Director of Stamps Services at Canada Post, Lissa Foster, Executive Director of the CMHF, and Dr. Sonny Kohli, Cloud DX co-founder and project lead for their Qualcomm Tricorder XPRIZE project. They were joined by 24 Grade 8 students from London’s Chippewa Public School, who are on-site taking part in “Museum School” all week.
Cloud DX is one of seven finalists (and the only Canadian company) in the running to win the $10 million Qualcomm Tricorder XPRIZE, a global competition to revolutionize digital healthcare. The winning team will develop a Tricorder device that will accurately diagnose 13 health conditions (12 diseases and the absence of conditions) and capture five real-time health vital signs, independent of a health care worker or facility, and in a way that provides a compelling consumer experience.
Updated April 28th: From Canada Post:
Tonight, during the Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo panel on Conversational Klingon, presenter Joseph W. Windsor’s discussion was interrupted when the latest 50th Anniversary Star Trek™ stamps materialized in front of the audience.
Windsor, a University of Calgary PhD student in linguistics and expert in the Star Trek Klingon language, and more than 175 enthusiasts got the first look at the Klingon Commander Kor and Klingon D7-class battle cruiser stamps (attached here) with a photo from tonight. 
These are the sixth and seventh stamps “sighted” to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Star Trek and Canada’s connection to the series this year. Kor, one of the most powerful enemies, was played by Toronto-native John Colicos. The first five stamps include the U.S.S. Enterprise itself and crew members Captain Kirk, Mr. Spock, Montgomery “Scotty” Scott, and Dr. Leonard “Bones” McCoy.
Check out the summary here of the stamp sightings from Montréal to Calgary – canadapost.ca/startrek.
The Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo continues through the weekend and a special presentation is planned for Friday afternoon. We hope to see you there.
Finally, keep an eye out next Thursday (May 5) when the remaining stamps and product for the 50th anniversary of Star Trek™ series is launched.
Updated April 29th: From Canada Post:
“This afternoon at the beginning of William Shatner’s appearance at the Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo, Canada Post made a special delivery to the Canadian actor.
“Flanked by two delivery agents carrying the special parcel, Siân 
M. Matthews, Chairperson of Canada Post’s Board of Directors and who resides in nearby De Winton, Alta., presented Mr. Shatner with a framed memento of his stamp, commemorating the 50th anniversary of Star Trek™ – and Canada’s connection to the series.”
And on the easel, is that what the Kirk/Shatner OFDC will look like?
Forest Fruits (Srpska – Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016)
Issued April 6th by the Republic of Srpska – Bosnia and Herzegovina. The denominations are 0,90 KM or 0,46€ and 1,10 KM or 0,56€. Prnunus spinosa is commonly known as “sloe” or “blackthorn.” Rubus fruticosus is a species of blackberry. 
